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Gustav "Gusto" Arthur Gräser (16 February 1879 – 27 October 1958) was a German alternative lifestyle advocate, artist, and poet. He is considered one of the fonders of communal lifestyle in Germany. Together with his brother and fellow artist Karl Graser, Gustav Graeser co-founded one of the earliest social reform settlements, which was located along Monte Verità in Ascona. His penned and painted works included many of that were not published until a revival of interest during the counterculture of the 1960s emerged. At an early age Gustav Graser was influenced by the philosophy of social reformer Karl Wilhelm Diefenbach. In 1897, Graser lived in Diefenbach's commune, Himmelhof, located in Ober Sankt Veit, near Vienna, and embraced his ideas of pacifism, a human civilization in harmony with nature, and a vegetarian diet, while studying art. However, Graser was dissuaded by Diefenbach's despotic leadership, and left the commune in 1898 to form his own following in Munich.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gusto Graser )〕 In 1900, Graser completely cut ties with his hometown of Kronstadt, Transylvania to wander, and co-founded his own commune near Mount Verita in Ascona with his brother, Karl Graser. Among the settlement's inhabitants included several artists and authors such as Otto Gross, Leonhard Frank, Erich Muhsam, Franziska Countess zu Reventlow, and Herman Hesse, whom Graser influenced in his written works. Graser helped fund the commune by giving lectures in various cities and selling copies of his poetry, but was often faced with ridicule for his appearance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Information on Gustav Graser )〕 In 1911, Graser moved his family of six to the outskirts of Berlin. He became a leading figure in the political reconstruction of the youth movement, in particular, the Free German Youth Movement. However, Graser's teachings were met with hostility, in 1912 he was arrested and expelled from Saxon, and again from Baden in the following year. In 1915, Graser was deported to Austria and sentenced to death for being a conscientious objector, but, instead, was ruled to be legally insane, and was transported to a mental institution. After he was released, Graser briefly returned to Mount Verita, before becoming an activist against the First World War. Although he was expelled from Bavaria in 1919, Graser migrated with a "new crowd" known as the "crusade of love" with his associate, Friedrich Muck, which was a subject in Hesse's story, ''Journey to the East''. In 1927, Graser began public speaking in Berlin's Anti-War Museum, settled in the commune of ''Grunhurst'', and traveled through Germany with his son, Otto Brobohmig, to distribute his writings. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, ''Grunhurst'' was destroyed, and many of its inhabitants, including some of Graser's family, were killed or sent to internment camps in 1936. Graser managed to avoid capture by fleeing to Munich, living in seclusion in fellow poets' attics, and wrote some of his most acclaimed pieces including ''Siebenmah'' and ''Wunderbar.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gusto Graser )〕 After continuing his travels through Germany, Graser died in 1958 in Munich. His unpublished poetry was saved before the destruction of his home and preserved in the Municipal Library in Munich.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wonderful Little Letter )〕 ==Works== *Efeublätter. Gedichte. Wien 1902. *Ein Freund ist da – mach auf! Flugschrift, Berlin 1912. *Winke zur Genesung unsres Lebens. Sprüche und Gedichte. Ascona 1918. *Zeichen des Kommenden. Sieben Steindrucke mit Textblättern. Dresden 1925. *Notwendwerk. Zeichnungen und Gedichte. Steindruckmappe. Dresden 1926. *Bucheckern. Eine Druckschrift. Berlin 1930. *Wortfeuerzeug. Sprüche und Gedichte. Berlin 1930. *Tao. Das heilende Geheimnis. Büchse der Pandora, Wetzlar 1979, ISBN 3-88178-032-7, und Umbruch-Verlag, Recklinghausen 2008, ISBN 978-3-937726-04-5. *AllBeDeut. Unsere Sprachlaute – heimliche Schlüssel zum Aufschluss unsrer Welt. Deutsches Monte Verità Archiv Freudenstein 2000. *Erdsternzeit. Eine Auswahl aus dem Spätwerk. Herausgegeben von Hermann Müller. Umbruch-Verlag, Recklinghausen 2007 und 2009, ISBN 978-3-937726-02-1. *Gedichte des Wanderers. Herausgegeben von Frank Milautzcki. Verlag im Proberaum 3, Klingenberg 2006. *Der Liebe Macht. Ölgemälde im Museum Casa Anatta auf dem Monte Verità, Ascona 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gustav Graser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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